The best Employer of Record providers in Vietnam, ranked
Ten providers that can employ staff on your behalf in Vietnam, scored on whether they employ through their own Vietnamese company rather than a partner, how they position an EOR hire under the Labour Code 2019 and its licensed labour-outsourcing regime, how accurately they run social, health and unemployment insurance and the trade union fee, how plainly they explain their terms, and how they support you afterwards. Vietnam is a busy EOR market, but the legal structure matters more here than most providers admit: the state licenses labour outsourcing, restricts it to a list of jobs and caps it at twelve months, so the paperwork a provider puts in front of you decides what you are buying.
Quick verdict
RemotePeople is our pick — best for companies for whom Vietnam is part of a China-plus-one or wider Asian plan. Also worth a call: MSA Asia for clients who also want incorporation, accounting and tax from one adviser, and Deel for software-first teams hiring in Vietnam and many other countries at once.
Read this before the ranking
Vietnam has no statute that mentions the Employer of Record, but it does regulate the thing an EOR does. The Labour Code 2019 (Law 45/2019/QH14, in force since 1 January 2021) and Decree 145/2020 govern labour outsourcing (cho thuê lại lao động): an enterprise that employs a worker and places that worker under another company’s direction needs a licence from the provincial People’s Committee, must lodge a VND 2 billion deposit, may supply workers only in the twenty job categories listed in Appendix II of the decree, from interpreters and secretaries to programmers, and only for a maximum of twelve months per position, to cover a temporary rise in demand, an absence or a need for specialist skills. Almost no foreign EOR platform holds this licence, and few Vietnamese providers do. The alternative most use is a service contract: the provider employs your staff and contracts with you to deliver a defined service using them, so that on paper you are a client rather than a user enterprise. That is legitimate when the documents and the reality match, and fragile when they do not. The first question to ask any provider in Vietnam is whether it holds a labour-outsourcing licence, and if not, exactly how its agreement with you describes the relationship between you and the person doing the work.
How we scored, and what we could not verify
Every provider below was assessed against the same five criteria: own-entity presence in Vietnam, handling of the outsourcing and service-contract question, payroll and statutory accuracy across social, health and unemployment insurance, the trade union fee and personal income tax, transparency of terms and pricing, and support. Where a lower-ranked provider beats a higher-ranked one on a criterion, we say so.
An honest limitation: Vietnam’s company register is public. The National Business Registration Portal (dangkykinhdoanh.gov.vn) lists every enterprise by name and enterprise code, which doubles as its tax code; the labour ministry, now part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, publishes lists of licensed labour-outsourcing enterprises. We have not run either check for every provider and we do not have access to their contracts. Where a provider states that it employs through its own Vietnamese company we record that as its claim, and we recommend asking for the enterprise code and, where relevant, the licence number before you sign.
| # | Provider | Score | Vietnam footprint | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  RemotePeople | 9.2 | Employs directly in Vietnam; run from the Singapore regional HQ | Companies for whom Vietnam is part of a China-plus-one or wider Asian plan |
| 2 |  MSA Asia | 8.7 | Own Ho Chi Minh City office within an eleven-office Asian network | Clients who also want incorporation, accounting and tax from one adviser |
| 3 |  Deel | 8.3 | Global platform; states that it owns its Vietnam entity | Software-first teams hiring in Vietnam and many other countries at once |
| 4 |  Talentnet | 8.0 | Ho Chi Minh City-headquartered HR services firm | Larger Vietnam teams that also need staffing and recruitment |
| 5 |  Dezan Shira & Associates | 7.7 | Own offices in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Da Nang since 2008 | Manufacturers who will incorporate and want legal and tax under one roof |
| 6 |  Acclime | 7.4 | Three Vietnamese offices of an Asia-Pacific corporate-services group | Companies that want a published rate card and an entity later |
| 7 |  Viettonkin Consulting | 7.1 | Vietnamese consultancy; Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City plus Singapore and Jakarta | Vietnam plus Indonesia or Thailand from a Vietnamese adviser |
| 8 |  Emerhub | 6.8 | Ho Chi Minh City team of an Asia market-entry firm founded 2011 | A first hire or two with a published fee formula |
| 9 |  Reco | 6.5 | Hanoi-headquartered IT staffing firm with a Ho Chi Minh City branch | Software teams that want recruitment and EOR from one Vietnamese firm |
| 10 |  AYP Group | 6.2 | Singapore-headquartered; states that it employs through a licensed Vietnamese company | Cost-conscious hiring across Vietnam and South-east Asia |
Rankings reflect our assessment of each provider for hiring in Vietnam specifically. A provider ranked lower here may be the better choice if most of your hiring is elsewhere.
RemotePeople
Vietnam licenses labour outsourcing, caps it at twelve months for a given position and changes its contribution ceilings every July, and RemotePeople’s Vietnam practice tracks all of it: Vietnam Social Security registration, dong payroll, personal income tax under the 2026 five-bracket law, and work permits under Decree 219, at fees in the US$300 to US$600 range it publishes. Founded in 2018 by Antoine Boquen and Pierre Pradier and headquartered in New York, with its Asia-Pacific business run from Singapore, the company has more than 250 staff across 30 countries and over 3,000 clients; Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi hires are run from the Singapore regional HQ by a dedicated account manager backed by HR and employment specialists. Recruitment, payroll for companies with their own Vietnamese company, contractor management and incorporation sit alongside EOR, so a first hire can become an LLC without changing adviser. EOR Flex starts at US$199 per employee per month. MSA Asia has the longer in-country history; Deel leads on software.
- Vietnam Social Security, PIT and the July ceiling changes handled without prompting
- Clear on the outsourcing licence framework and the twelve-month position cap
- Dedicated account manager backed by HR and employment specialists, run from Singapore
- Recruitment, payroll, contractor management and incorporation alongside EOR
- EOR Flex from US$199 per employee per month
- Fewer third-party integrations than Deel or Rippling
- Total cost depends on a quote; ask for the all-in Vietnam figure including the union fee
- Work permits for foreign hires go through Decree 219 case by case, as with every provider
- Vietnam entity
- Employs directly in Vietnam; registered with Vietnam Social Security
- Regional base
- Singapore (Asia-Pacific HQ); global HQ New York
- Also offers
- Recruitment, global payroll, US PEO, contractor management, Contractor of Record, benefits and visa support, entity incorporation
- Operating since
- 2018
MSA Asia
MSA Asia is an Asia-only corporate-services firm whose EOR grew out of fifteen years of incorporating companies and running their accounting, tax and payroll, and Ho Chi Minh City is one of its own offices. It announced in June 2026 that it had extended its EOR to Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand, so the Vietnam EOR is new even though the office and the payroll and company-registration practice are not. That heritage matters, because the sensible path in Vietnam is often EOR for a year and then a limited liability company, and MSA Asia handles the registration certificates and the transfer of staff with the same adviser. It publishes a pricing page for Vietnam. On software Deel is well ahead; on the outsourcing question Talentnet, which publishes a licence number, is more explicit. On the EOR-to-entity path MSA Asia is as strong as anyone here.
- Own Ho Chi Minh City office inside an Asia-only network
- Incorporation, accounting, tax and EOR from one adviser
- Published pricing for Vietnam; one named account manager across Asia
- Vietnam EOR was extended in 2026; ask how many Vietnam employees it has on payroll
- No self-service platform; onboarding is document-driven
- Vietnam entity
- Own Ho Chi Minh City office; ask for the enterprise code of the employing company
- Regional base
- Shanghai and Hong Kong
- Also offers
- Incorporation, accounting, tax, payroll, corporate advisory
- Operating since
- 2011
Deel
Deel is the best-known global platform, and its Vietnam offering is a sound one. It states that it employs through a wholly owned Vietnamese entity rather than a partner. The software for onboarding, payslips, expenses, immigration and integrations is the best in this comparison by a distance. What you do not get is a Vietnam specialist who knows your account: support is ticket-based, and a global template can be slow on local practice, such as how the Tet bonus is documented, when a second definite-term contract must become indefinite, or how the service agreement sits against the labour-outsourcing rules, which Deel does not mention. If Vietnam is the point, the two providers above give more local judgement for a similar fee.
- Best-in-class software, integrations and employee experience
- States that it owns its Vietnam entity; fast self-service onboarding
- Contractors, EOR, payroll, HRIS and immigration in one product
- Ticket-based support rather than a named Vietnam contact
- Local nuance on bonuses, contract renewals and the outsourcing regime can lag in a global template
- Vietnam entity
- Own entity (provider’s statement)
- Regional base
- Global; regional teams in Singapore and elsewhere
- Also offers
- Contractors, global payroll, HRIS, immigration, entity set-up
- Operating since
- 2019
Talentnet
Talentnet is the largest Vietnamese-owned HR services firm and one of three providers here for which Vietnam is home rather than a market. It began as the HR services unit of PwC Vietnam, spun out in 2007, and now runs payroll, staffing, recruitment and a PEO/EOR service under which it becomes the legal employer. Two things set it apart. First, its website footer carries a service operation licence number issued by the Ho Chi Minh City labour authority, the closest any provider here comes to answering the outsourcing question unprompted; confirm which activities it covers. Second, it runs the country’s best-known salary survey with Mercer, so its view of what a role should pay is data rather than anecdote. The trade-offs are the mirror image of Deel’s: a client portal rather than a product, an organisation built for corporate clients and large headcounts, and coverage that stops at Vietnam, Cambodia and Singapore. On local depth it beats the three providers above it; on regional reach and software it does not compete.
- Vietnamese firm with PwC heritage; the deepest local HR bench on this page
- Publishes a labour-authority licence number, which most competitors cannot
- Staffing, payroll, recruitment and salary benchmarking alongside EOR
- Oriented to corporate clients and larger teams; a two-person hire will feel small
- Vietnam, Cambodia and Singapore only
- Pricing by proposal; the portal is functional rather than modern
- Vietnam entity
- Talentnet Corporation, Ho Chi Minh City (its own company)
- Regional base
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Also offers
- Payroll, staffing, mass recruitment, RPO, HR consulting, salary surveys
- Operating since
- 2007
Dezan Shira & Associates
Dezan Shira & Associates has been in Vietnam since 2008 and runs three offices of its own there. Vietnam is one of the firm’s core markets, its Vietnam Briefing publication is the most-read English-language source on the country’s tax and labour changes, and its PEO and global staffing service employs staff where it has offices. The reason a multinational chooses it is the bench behind the EOR: lawyers for the labour-outsourcing question, tax advisers for the July 2026 income tax changes, and a corporate-establishment team for the factory or trading company that usually follows. The weaknesses are the usual ones for a professional-services firm: EOR is one service among many, pricing is by quotation, and a two-person software team will find the culture heavy. Talentnet has more Vietnamese HR depth and MSA Asia is more SME-friendly; for legal and tax weight around the hire, Dezan Shira leads.
- Own offices in all three main cities since 2008, with lawyers and tax advisers
- Vietnam Briefing: the most useful running commentary on Vietnamese labour and tax law
- Corporate establishment, accounting and audit for the entity that follows
- Professional-services engagement model rather than a sign-up flow
- Pricing by quotation; oriented to established corporate clients
- Confirm which Dezan Shira company signs the labour contract
- Vietnam entity
- Own Vietnamese offices; ask for the enterprise code of the employing company
- Regional base
- Hong Kong and Shanghai
- Also offers
- Legal, tax, accounting, audit, corporate establishment, payroll, recruitment
- Operating since
- 1992; Vietnam since 2008
Acclime
Acclime Vietnam is the former Domicile Corporate Services, a Ho Chi Minh City firm that joined the Acclime group and now runs company registration, corporate secretarial, accounting, tax, payroll and PEO/EOR from three Vietnamese offices. It is the most transparent provider on this page. Its Vietnam EOR page publishes the fee schedule: US$400 to onboard, US$400 a month for a local employee or US$650 for an expatriate, US$400 to offboard, a deposit of two months’ payroll falling to one month once you have three or more employees, and US$3,500 for a work permit. It states that employees are onboarded onto its own in-house entities. Service is process-driven with a dedicated account manager, and company registration and staff transfer come from the same team. It sits here because EOR is a small line inside a corporate-services business and its Vietnam material does not address the outsourcing question. On price transparency it beats everyone above it.
- Full published rate card: onboarding, monthly, offboarding, deposit and work-permit fees
- Three Vietnamese offices and a strong accounting, tax and secretarial bench
- Careful, regularly updated guides on payroll, income tax and foreign hires
- EOR is one service among many rather than the core business
- Public material does not say whether it holds a labour-outsourcing licence
- Vietnam entity
- Own Vietnamese practice; confirm the employing company’s enterprise code
- Regional base
- Hong Kong and Singapore
- Also offers
- Company registration, corporate secretarial, accounting, tax, payroll, work permits
- Operating since
- 2019 as Acclime, from Domicile Corporate Services
Viettonkin Consulting
Viettonkin is a Vietnamese-founded consultancy built around inbound foreign investment: company registration, legal, accounting and tax, market research, HR and, more recently, an EOR that hires under its own entities in Vietnam and four other markets. Its EOR page is unusually plain-spoken. It quotes seven working days to first payroll in Vietnam, says that EOR stops making sense above roughly ten employees in one country or in a licensed industry, and states that the provider cannot invoice your customers for you, all of which is true and rarely said. The site runs in Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Thai as well as English. The limits are scale and productisation: a mid-sized advisory firm, a document-driven EOR, pricing by conversation, and no mention of the labour-outsourcing licence. For a Korean or Japanese company wanting Vietnam and Indonesia from one Vietnamese adviser it is a sensible shortlist candidate; for a pure Vietnam software team, Talentnet or Reco bring more HR muscle.
- Offices in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; EOR under its own entities in four further markets
- Candid published guidance on when EOR is and is not the right structure
- Multilingual service oriented to North-east Asian investors
- Mid-sized advisory firm; EOR is a recent addition to a broad service list
- Public material silent on the labour-outsourcing licence
- Vietnam entity
- Own Vietnamese company (provider’s statement)
- Regional base
- Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
- Also offers
- Company registration, legal, accounting and tax, HR
- Operating since
- 2009
Emerhub
Emerhub is a market-entry firm that started in Indonesia in 2011 and now runs company registration, EOR and recruitment across several Asian countries, with a Ho Chi Minh City team it says is in-house rather than sub-contracted. Its Vietnam EOR page is the clearest statement of price here after Acclime’s, and the cheaper of the two for a small hire: 10 per cent of the total monthly cost of employment, salary plus the 23.5 per cent of contributions, with a floor of US$49.99 and a ceiling of US$250 per employee per month. It quotes about a week to onboard and will register your company later. Against the providers above, it is a smaller organisation with a modest Vietnam presence, thinner on termination and contract type, and it does not say which licence its Vietnamese company holds. For a founder making a first Vietnam hire who wants the price up front, it is credible; for a team of twenty, look higher.
- Published fee formula with a floor and a ceiling, plus a working calculator
- In-house Ho Chi Minh City team (provider’s statement); onboarding in a week
- Company registration and recruitment alongside EOR
- Less depth on termination, contract renewal and the outsourcing regime
- Confirm the enterprise code and licence of the employing company
- Vietnam entity
- Vietnamese company (provider’s statement); ask for the enterprise code
- Regional base
- Jakarta and Ho Chi Minh City
- Also offers
- Company registration, recruitment, visas, accounting
- Operating since
- 2011
Reco
Reco is a Hanoi-based HR firm for the IT sector, with branches in Ho Chi Minh City and Yokohama. Its core business is headhunting and staff augmentation for software teams, and its EOR and payroll services, productised on its site in early 2026, are the natural extension: it will find the engineers, employ them, run their payroll and, under a build-operate-transfer model, hand the team to your own entity later. Its published case studies describe EOR teams of twenty-five and twenty-seven engineers for a US software company and a Singapore fintech, larger than most Vietnamese boutiques manage. What it lacks is the corporate-services bench of Dezan Shira or Acclime and the HR breadth of Talentnet: it is a recruitment firm first, and its EOR material does not discuss the outsourcing licence, contract renewal or severance in depth. For a software company that wants one Vietnamese firm to recruit and employ a team of developers, it is worth a conversation; for a sales or finance hire, look elsewhere.
- Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City offices, focused on software talent
- Recruitment, staff augmentation, EOR and build-operate-transfer from one provider
- Published case studies of EOR teams of twenty-plus engineers
- IT-sector specialist; less suited to non-technical roles
- EOR is a recent productisation of a staffing business
- Pricing by quotation; deposit of one to two months’ payroll
- Vietnam entity
- Own Vietnamese company; ask for the enterprise code and any labour-outsourcing licence
- Regional base
- Hanoi
- Also offers
- Headhunting, staff augmentation, build-operate-transfer, payroll, HR outsourcing
- Operating since
- Not stated on its site
AYP Group
AYP Group is an Asia-only provider with a Singapore base, coverage across thirteen Asia-Pacific markets and a Vietnam page that states it employs staff through a locally licensed Vietnamese company rather than a partner. Its Vietnam material is specific in places: the 2026 Region I minimum wage, the 21.5 per cent employer load plus the 2 per cent union fee, the exclusion of foreign employees from unemployment insurance, and the job-loss allowance of one month per year with a two-month floor. It sits at the bottom not because it is weak but because everything above it offers more of something Vietnam demands: Talentnet, Reco and Viettonkin are Vietnamese, Dezan Shira and Acclime have three offices each, and Deel has the software. Its page also blurs the two contribution ceilings, and does not say which licence its company holds. For Vietnam plus Singapore and Malaysia on a budget, it remains a sensible shortlist candidate.
- States that it employs through its own licensed Vietnamese company
- Specific published guidance on 2026 wages, contributions and job-loss allowance
- Bilingual contracts and a public cost calculator
- Some published figures, including the contribution ceilings, need checking against current decrees
- Verify the Vietnamese company’s enterprise code and licence, as with every provider here
- Vietnam entity
- Licensed Vietnamese company (provider’s claim)
- Regional base
- Singapore
- Also offers
- PEO, payroll, benefits, visa support, talent sourcing
- Operating since
- 2009
How we scored
- Own-entity presence in VietnamWhether the provider employs through a company registered on the National Business Registration Portal, or through a partner. Own entities mean one point of accountability; partners are acceptable when named and vetted.
- Handling of the labour-outsourcing regimeWhether the provider can explain how an EOR hire sits against Articles 52 to 60 of the Labour Code and Decree 145/2020: the licence and deposit, the twenty permitted jobs, the twelve-month cap, and the service-contract alternative most rely on. Talentnet publishes a licence number; most of the others do not raise the subject until asked.
- Payroll and statutory accuracySocial insurance at 17.5 per cent and health insurance at 3 per cent, capped at twenty times the base salary (VND 2,530,000 from 1 July 2026, so VND 50,600,000), unemployment insurance at 1 per cent capped at twenty times the regional minimum wage, the 2 per cent trade union fee whether or not a union exists, monthly income tax withholding under the new five-bracket schedule and the year-end finalisation, all on the local deadlines and in dong.
- TransparencyAre fees, deposits, offboarding charges and work-permit costs explained before signature, or only after a sales cycle? Acclime publishes a full rate card and Emerhub a fee formula; MSA Asia has a pricing page; most of the others quote.
- SupportIs there a named person who knows your account, reads Vietnamese and works Hanoi hours, or a queue? Has that person handled a Tet bonus round and a termination in Vietnam before?
Frequently asked questions
Is Employer of Record legal in Vietnam?
Yes, but the structure matters. Vietnamese law does not use the term Employer of Record. It does regulate labour outsourcing under the Labour Code 2019 and Decree 145/2020: a licensed enterprise with a VND 2 billion deposit may supply workers in twenty listed job categories for up to twelve months per position. Labour outsourcing without a licence is unlawful for the provider and exposes the client to being treated as the real employer. Most EOR providers therefore employ your staff and contract with you under a service agreement, which is lawful where the documents and the working reality are consistent. See our overview of where EOR is legal in Asia.
What does an EOR cost in Vietnam?
Two components. The provider’s fee is a flat monthly charge per employee, from around US$50 to US$250 where prices are published to US$400 or more at the corporate-services firms, plus onboarding, offboarding and work-permit charges and a deposit. The statutory employer cost sits on top of gross salary: social insurance at 17.5 per cent, health insurance at 3 per cent, unemployment insurance at 1 per cent and the 2 per cent trade union fee, 23.5 per cent in all. Social and health insurance are capped at twenty times the base salary, VND 50,600,000 a month from 1 July 2026, and unemployment insurance at twenty times the regional minimum wage, so the effective rate falls for senior hires. Budget separately for the Tet bonus, customary rather than statutory but almost universal. Our employer cost comparison across Asia has the detail.
Can an EOR sponsor a work permit in Vietnam?
Yes. A foreign national working in Vietnam for more than thirty days a year needs a work permit, applied for by the Vietnamese employer, which in an EOR arrangement is the provider. Under Decree 219/2025, in force since 7 August 2025, the employer files a foreign-labour demand report and then a permit dossier with the provincial People’s Committee, which has ten working days to decide. The permit runs for up to two years and can be renewed once. The employee then obtains an LĐ2 visa and a Temporary Residence Card of matching length. Allow four to eight weeks on top of a normal onboarding.
How long can an employee stay on EOR in Vietnam?
It depends on the structure. If the provider holds a labour-outsourcing licence and places the worker with you under that regime, the Labour Code caps the placement at twelve months for the position. Under a service-contract structure there is no statutory limit, but contract type matters: Article 20 allows an indefinite-term contract or a definite-term contract of up to thirty-six months, a definite contract may be renewed once, and the third must be indefinite. The practical limit is economics: several providers here put the crossover at ten to twenty employees, at which point your own company becomes cheaper than EOR fees. Providers that also incorporate, including MSA Asia, Dezan Shira, Acclime, Viettonkin, Emerhub and RemotePeople, will transfer staff without a break in insurance cover.
How do probation, notice and severance work in Vietnam?
Probation under Articles 24 to 27 is capped at 180 days for enterprise managers, sixty days for roles needing a college degree or higher, thirty days for vocational roles and six working days otherwise, at no less than 85 per cent of the agreed wage; either side can end it without notice. Notice under Article 35 is forty-five days for an indefinite-term contract, thirty days for a definite-term contract of twelve to thirty-six months and three working days for anything shorter. Employer-initiated termination needs a lawful ground under Article 36 and the process must be followed exactly. Severance under Article 46 is half a month’s salary per year of service, but years covered by unemployment insurance, which has run since 2009, are deducted, so for most Vietnamese employees hired today it is small or nil; it accrues in full for foreign employees, who are outside unemployment insurance. Redundancy attracts a job-loss allowance under Article 47 of one month per year with a two-month minimum. Our employment law guide for Asia and benefits guide have more.
EOR or my own entity in Vietnam?
Use an EOR when you are hiring a handful of people, need someone to start within weeks, or are testing the market before committing capital. Set up a limited liability company when Vietnam will be a customer-facing or manufacturing operation with local invoicing, when you are in a licensed sector, or when headcount is heading past ten to twenty. A foreign-owned company needs an investment registration certificate, an enterprise registration certificate, a tax code, a bank account and social insurance registration, typically two to four months and a five-figure US-dollar budget. EOR first and an entity later is a common sequence in Vietnam, so choose a provider that can do both. For a broader regional view see our ranking of the best EOR providers in Asia.
Not sure which provider fits?
Tell us how many people, which roles and how soon, and we will point you to the two or three providers worth talking to in Vietnam — without passing your details to any of them.
Ask usSources
- Labour Code 2019 (Law 45/2019/QH14), in force 1 January 2021: Articles 20 to 27, 35 to 48 and 52 to 60.
- Decree 145/2020/NĐ-CP elaborating the Labour Code, including labour-outsourcing licence conditions, the VND 2 billion deposit and the Appendix II list of twenty permitted jobs; Decree 283/2026/NĐ-CP on administrative penalties, in force 10 September 2026.
- Social Insurance Law 2024 (Law 41/2024/QH15); Employment Law 2025; Vietnam Social Security (Bảo hiểm xã hội Việt Nam) contribution rates and ceilings.
- Decree 161/2026/NĐ-CP raising the base salary to VND 2,530,000 from 1 July 2026; Decree 293/2025/NĐ-CP on regional minimum wages from 1 January 2026; Decree 191/2013/NĐ-CP on the 2 per cent trade union fee.
- Personal Income Tax Law 2025 (Law 109/2025/QH15), in force 1 July 2026.
- Decree 219/2025/NĐ-CP on foreign workers in Vietnam, in force 7 August 2025; Vietnam Immigration Department guidance on LĐ visas and Temporary Residence Cards.
- National Business Registration Portal (dangkykinhdoanh.gov.vn); Ministry of Home Affairs lists of licensed labour-outsourcing enterprises.
- Provider websites and published documentation, reviewed September 2026.